2.1
ASTM Standards:
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
3
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Closed Cup Tester
3
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
3
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
eral Bomb Method)
3
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
3
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
3
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ity)
3
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
3
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
Petroleum Products
3
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
4
D 664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
3
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
3
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Oils
3
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
3
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
3
D 2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Prod-
ucts by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
3
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
5
D 4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
5
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
Variable Equation
5
D 4739 Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Potentiometric Titration
5
D 5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Ele-
ments, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricat-
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
5
D 5302 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
Duty Conditions
5
D 5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID)
6
D 5967 Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
T-8 Diesel Engine
6
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
7
E 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
7
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydro-
mometry
8
2.2
SAE Standards:
9
SAE J1995 Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and
Compression Ignition - Gross Power Rating
3. Terminology
3.1
Definitions:
3.1.1
blind reference oil
,
n
—a reference oil, the identity of
which is unknown by the test facility.
D 5844
3.1.1.1
Discussion
—This is a coded reference oil that is
submitted by a source independent from the test facility.
3.1.2
blowby
,
n
—in internal combustion engines, the com-
bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter
the crankcase.
D 5302
3.1.3
calibrate
,
v
—to determine the indication or output of
a measuring device with respect to that of a standard.
E 344
3.1.4
candidate oil
,
n
—an oil that is intended to have the
performance characteristics necessary to satisfy a specification
and is intended to be tested against that specification.
D 5844
3.1.5
heavy-duty
,
adj
—in internal combustion engine opera-
tion, characterized by average speeds, power output, and
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximums.
D 4485
3.1.6
heavy-duty engine
,
n
—in internal combustion engines,
one that is designed to allow operation continuously at or close
to its peak output.
D 4485
3.1.7
non-reference oil
,
n
—any oil other than a reference
oil, such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candi-
date oil.
D 5844
3.1.8
non-standard test
,
n
—a test that is not conducted in
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
method, such as running on an uncalibrated test stand, using
different test equipment, applying different equipment assem-
bly procedures, or using modified operating conditions.
D 5844
3.1.9
oxidation
,
n
—of engine oil, the reaction of the oil with
an electron acceptor, generally oxygen, that can produce
deleterious acidic or resinous materials often manifested as
sludge formation, varnish formation, viscosity increase, or
corrosion, or combination thereof.
Sub. B Glossary
10
3.1.10
reference oil
,
n
—an oil of known performance char-
acteristics, used as a basis for comparison.
D 5844
3.1.10.1
Discussion
—Reference oils are used to calibrate
testing facilities, to compare the performance of other oils, or
to evaluate other materials (such as seals) that interact with
oils
